Original Antique Finnish Captured Mosin-Nagant M/91 Infantry Rifle by Tula Arsenal Serial 97096 – dated 1895 Original Items

Original Item: Only One Available. These are so very rare, a real pre-1898 Antique Russian Mosin-Nagant M1891 Full Length Rifle, more officially referred to as the “Three Line Infantry Rifle, Model of 1891.” This particular one was later refit in Finland to the Finnish M/91 Mosin-Nagant standard, and fitted with a new stock. The rifle has lots of issue markings, and is marked with remarked original number No 97096 over the chamber. The bolt also bears number 97096, most likely marked to match, and there is also an SA inside a rectangle on the side of the barrel, for Suomi Armeija (Finnish Army).

The Russian “Mosin-Nagant” bolt-action rifle is arguably the most-produced rifle in history, with around 37 million being produced in various versions in several different countries. This number easily surpasses the Lee-Enfield, Mauser GEW98 and Mauser K98K in number produced. The reasons for this are multiple, including both the size of Russia and later USSR, as well as the long service life of this design, which is still in use today in some locations.

The history of what is known as the “Mosin-Nagant” rifle begins in the late 19th century in Russia, following the Russo-Ottoman war. During the course of the war, it became apparent that Russian troops needed a modern bolt-action rifle to compete with the rest of the world, so they started evaluations in 1889 on what would become the general issue rifle for infantry troops. Three designs were submitted, and at the time in Russia bullet diameter was measured in “line”s, where one line was 1/10 of an inch. This is what gave rise to the official name of the rifle, the “3-line rifle, Model 1891”, as it was in .30cal, or 7.62mm. The name “Mosin-Nagant” is in reality somewhat of a misnomer, as the design chosen was designed by Mosin, not Nagant. However due to legal issues with Nagant over certain design aspects of the rifle, his name was attached to the design as well, leading to the name used in most of the world, the “Mosin-Nagant Model 1891”. Three other models would subsequently be put into service prior to WWI: the M1891 Dragoon, the M1891 Cossack, and the M1907 Carbine.

When Finland achieved independence from Russia, over 190,000 Model 1891 infantry rifles were already stockpiled in the ex-Russian military depots within Finland. As a result, the rifle was adopted as the standard Finnish Army weapon, and surplus Mosin–Nagants were purchased from other European nations which had captured them during World War I. The official designation of these were “3-линии пехотная винтовка образца 1891–го года” which translates to “Three Line Infantry Rifle, Model of 1891”. These rifles were then overhauled to meet Finnish Army standards and designated M/91.

This entailed replacing the stock with a new one, constructed from two pieces of wood with a glued finger joint in the middle. The new stock featured traditional sling swivels fitted into escutcheons, instead of the slots used on the Russian types. This example has both intact, and does not show any signs of recapture by the Soviets, or other later alterations.

As with most, this example has the cross bolt to reinforce the stock against recoil, and the rear sight correctly goes up to 3200 арши́ны (arshíny), an archaic measurement used by Russia through the first world war. Roughly equal to 71.12 cm, the ranges on the left side of the sight base (4 to 12) have been crossed out, and new measurements in meters (2 to 8 1/2) added in hundreds of meters (12 x 100 arshíny = 8 1/2 x 100m) on the right side. The M/91 was the most widely issued Finnish rifle in both the Winter War and the Continuation War.

The barrel displays an Imperial Russian Double Headed Eagle over Cyrillic letters Л К just below the rear sight on the base of the barrel. The full markings on the barrel are:

(Imperial Eagle)
Л К
ИМПЕРАТОРСКІЙ
ТУЛБСКІЙ
ОРУЖЕЙНБІЙ ЗАВОДЪ
1895 г.
1220
N=11263

These markings indicate original manufacture in 1895 at the “Imperial Tula Arms Factory”, one of the most prominent in Russia. The bottom rear of the receiver is also marked 95г over the “Hammer” logo of Tula. Reconstructed in the 19th century, Tula Arms Factory became one of the most prominent arms factories in Europe. In 1879 the plant started production of the famous Berdan rifle with an improved bolt. Workshop was organized by a model where created their own models of small arms and hunting weapons. Increased production of various products: single- and double-barrel muzzle-loading shotguns, breech-loading center-fire rifles. Designer Sergei Ivanovich Mosin took part in devising damascus steel technology used in production of barrels. He also designed a bolt-action rifle which was put to testing along with a rifle developed by Émile Nagant. In 1891, as a result of complex tests Mosin’s entry was chosen over the Belgian design and it was adopted by the Imperial Russian Army as the three-line rifle of 1891.

The barrel bands and butt plate tang are also marked with the Hammer proof of Tula Arsenal, Czarist markings which were discontinued following the Russian revolution and subsequent civil war. The firing pin holder on the bolt is marked with the “Bow and Arrow” marking of Izhevsk Arsenal, also a pre-Soviet marking. The bolt body itself however bears Soviet style markings in diamonds and triangles, so it may have been captured during the Winter War or Continuation War itself! It was very common for rifles in service for a long time to have parts swapped out like this.

Condition of the rifle is very good, especially considering the age and amount of service it must have seen. The stock is in good condition, with a lovely brown color showing the grain well. It was however split partly through the wrist, running back from the trigger guard, which was repaired long ago. There also is a repair next to the magazine well. The metalwork is in very good shape, with strong bluing overall, most likely having been refinished at arsenal during its service life. It still retains the original cleaning rod, which is in good shape, and still threads correctly into the stock retaining block.

The rifle cycles well, with a crisp dry fire. The bore is in very good condition, showing strong lands and grooves with a partly bright finish. There is a bit of oxidation in the grooves, as expected for a rifle used during the days of corrosive smokeless powder. It does show a counterbore in the front of about 3/4″, thought to increase accuracy by removing worn rifling at the muzzle.

A wonderful piece of Firearms and European History! Made in Russia in 1895, and then later used against them by Finland during the WWII Era. Ready do display!

Specifications-

Year of Manufacture: 1895
Caliber: 7.62×54mmR Russian
Cartridge Type: Centerfire Cartridge
Barrel Length: 31 1/2 Inches
Overall Length: 51 1/2 Inches
Action type: Bolt Action
Feed System: 5 Round Internal